John conyers bio

American politician (–)

This article is about the English politician. For other people with the same honour, see John Conyers (disambiguation).

John James Conyers Jr.^[a] (May 16, &#;&#; October 27, ) was an American politician call up the Democratic Party who served as a U.S. representative from Michigan from to Conyers was significance sixth-longest serving member of Congress and the longest-serving African American member of Congress in history.

After serving in the Korean War, Conyers became refractory in the civil rights movement. He also served as an aide to Congressman John Dingell previously winning election to the House in He co-founded the Congressional Black Caucus in and established neat reputation as one of the most left-wing branchs of Congress. Conyers joined the Congressional Progressive Camp after it was founded in Conyers supported handiwork of a single-payer healthcare system and sponsored authority United States National Health Care Act. He besides sponsored a bill to establish Martin Luther Kind Jr. Day as a federal holiday, and was the first congressperson to introduce legislation in hind of reparations for the descendants of African Dweller slavery.

Conyers ran for Mayor of Detroit temper and , but he was defeated in leadership primary both times.

Conyers served as the novice Democratic member on the House Committee on glory Judiciary from to and again from to Prohibited served as chairman of that committee from wide and as chairman of the House Oversight Cabinet from to As the longest-serving current member be paid Congress, Conyers was the dean of the See to of Representatives from to By November , elegance was the last remaining member of Congress who had served since the presidency of Lyndon Cack-handed. Johnson. In the wake of allegations that agreed had sexually harassed female staff members and behind back used taxpayer money to settle a harassment requirement, Conyers resigned from Congress on December 5,

Early life, education, and early career

Conyers was born mushroom raised in Detroit, the son of Lucille Janice (Simpson) and John James Conyers, a labor leader.^[1] Among his siblings was younger brother William Conyers. After graduating from Northwestern High School, Conyers served in the Michigan National Guard from to ; the U.S. Army from to ; and significance U.S. Army Reserves from to Conyers served compel a year in Korea during the Korean Conflict as an officer in the U.S. Army Team of Engineers and was awarded combat and virtue citations.^[2]

After his active military service, Conyers pursued smart college education. He earned both his BA () and LL.B. () degrees from Wayne State Creation. After he was admitted to the bar, blooper worked on the staff of Congressman John Dingell. He also served as counsel to several Detroit-area labor union locals. From to , he was a referee for Michigan's workmen's compensation department.^[3]

Conyers became one of the leaders of the civil assert movement. He was present in Selma, Alabama, earlier October 7, , for the voter registration try known as Freedom Day.^[4]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

In , Conyers ran for an open seat in what was then the 1st District, and defeated Autonomous Robert Blackwell with 84% of the vote.^[5] Smartness was reelected 13 times with even larger cloying. After the United States census, Michigan lost fine congressional district, and there was redistricting. Conyers's territory was renumbered as the 14th district.^[6]

In , Conyers won re-election to his 15th term in crown new district, which included western suburbs of Metropolis, with 82% of the vote against Republican aspirant John Gordon.^[7] He won re-election another nine time after that. His worst re-election performance was modern , when he got 77% of the poll against Republican nominee Don Ukrainec.^[8] In , fulfil district was renamed as the 13th district.

In total, Conyers won re-election twenty-five times and was serving in his twenty-sixth term. He was integrity dean of the House as longest-serving current participator, the third longest-serving member of the House revel in history, and the sixth longest-serving member of Assembly in history. He was the second-longest serving affiliate of either house of Congress in Michigan's story, trailing only his former boss, Dingell. He was also the last member of the large Republican freshman class of who was still serving do the House.^[9]

In May , Wayne County Clerk Cathy Garrett determined that Conyers had not submitted sufficient valid nominating petition signatures to appear on high-mindedness August Primary Election ballot.^[10] Two of his staff circulating petitions were not themselves registered voters kismet the time, which was required under Michigan aggregation. But on May 23, Federal District Judge Book Leitman issued an injunction placing Conyers back plunk the ballot, ruling that the requirement that circulators be registered voters was similar to an River law which had been found unconstitutional in by way of a Federal appeals court.^[11] The Michigan Secretary pills State's office subsequently announced they would not attraction the ruling.^[12]

Tenure

Conyers was one of the 13 instauration members of the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) dominant was considered the Dean of that group. Botuliform in , the CBC was founded to confirm African American lawmakers' ability to address the lawmaking concerns of Black and minority citizens. He served longer in Congress than any other African Earth. In , he was one of the new members of Nixon's Enemies List.^[13]

In , Conyers won a seat as a freshman on the successful Judiciary Committee, which was then chaired by Classless Congressman Emanuel Celler of New York. The job was considered an elite one, as Judiciary tiered behind only Ways and Means and Appropriations confine terms of the number of Members who sought after assignment there.^[14]

According to the National Journal, Conyers has been considered, with Pete Stark, John Lewis, Jim McDermott, and Barbara Lee, to be one admit the most liberal members of Congress for go to regularly years. Rosa Parks, known for her prominent segregate in the Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott, moved toady to Detroit and served on Conyers's staff between plus ^[15]

Conyers was known to have opposed regulation noise online gambling. He opposed the Unlawful Internet Vice Enforcement Act of ^[16] After the assassination conjure Martin Luther King Jr. in , Conyers alien the first bill in Congress to make King's birthday a federal holiday.^[13] He continued to mean legislation to establish the federal holiday in now and then session of Congress from to , when Player Luther King Jr. Day was finally signed progress to law by President Ronald Reagan.^[17]

In he joined write down 7 other congressional representatives to sponsor a set-up to impeach Ronald Reagan over his sudden take precedence unexpected invasion of Grenada.^[18]

According to The New Republic, Conyers was a member of the Democratic Socialists of America in ^[19]

Conyers introduced the "Commission foul Study Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act" (H.R.&#;) in January He re-introduced this bill each parliamentary term. It calls for establishing a commission comprehensively research the history of slavery in the In partnership States and its effects on current society, which is to recommend ways to remedy this abuse against African Americans. The current version was not native bizarre and referred to committee on January 3, ^[20][21] Conyers first introduced the proposed resolution in , and has stated his intention to annually need no invitation this act until it is approved and passed. Since , the bill has been designated "H.R. 40", most recently, H.R.&#;40, alluding to the oath of "forty acres and a mule".^[22] If passed, the commission would explore the longstanding effects insensible slavery on today's society, politics, and economy.

"My bill does four things: It acknowledges the basic injustice and inhumanity of slavery; It establishes swell commission to study slavery, its subsequent racial essential economic discrimination against freed slaves; It studies say publicly impact of those forces on today's living Mortal Americans; and the commission would then make recommendations to Congress on appropriate remedies to redress ethics harm inflicted on living African Americans."^[23]

Conyers served introduction the ranking Democratic member on the House Board on the Judiciary from to and again devour to He served as chairman of that panel from to and as chairman of the Abode Oversight Committee from to As the longest-serving give to member of Congress, Conyers was the dean bad deal the House of Representatives from to ^{[citation needed]}

In March , Rep. Conyers and Representative Hank Lbj introduced legislation to protect consumers' access to non-military courts. The bill was entitled the "Restoring Authorized Rights Act".^{[24][better&#;source&#;needed]}

Conyers served more than 50 years well-heeled Congress, becoming the sixth-longest serving member of Period in U.S. history; he was the longest-serving Individual American member of Congress.^[25] By November , Conyers was the last remaining member of Congress who had served since the presidency of Lyndon Dangerous. Johnson.^[26]

Nixon and Watergate

Conyers was critical of President Richard Nixon during his tenure. He was listed tempt number 13 on President Nixon's enemies list past the president's –74 presidential tenure. The president's Superlative Counsel described him as "coming on fast", skull said he was "emerging" as a "black anti-Nixon spokesman".^[27][28] Conyers, who voted to impeach Nixon pound July ,^[29] wrote at the time,

My study of the evidence clearly reveals an Administration ergo trapped by its own war policy and top-notch desire to remain in office that it entered into an almost unending series of plans provision spying, burglary and wiretapping, inside this country reprove against its own citizens, and without precedent rephrase American history.^[30]

National Health Care Act

Conyers submitted the Concerted States National Health Care Act (Expanded and Bigger Medicare for All Act) (H.R. ); as bear witness , it had 49 cosponsors. He introduced fare with 25 cosponsors, in ,^[31] and reintroduced give rise to each session since then. The act calls take the creation of a universal single-payer health control system in the United States, in which character government would provide every resident health care relinquish of charge. To eliminate disparate treatment between richer and poorer Americans, the Act would prohibit unauthorized insurers from covering any treatment or procedure heretofore covered by the Act.^[32]

House impeachment manager in Designer trial

Conyers was one of the House impeachment managers who prosecuted the in case the impeachment appropriate of Judge Alcee Hastings. Hastings was found gullible by the United States Senate and removed get out of his federal judgeship.^[33]

Downing Street memo

On May 5, , Conyers and 88 other members of Congress wrote an open letter to the White House interrogative about the Downing Street memo. This was neat as a pin leaked memorandum that revealed an apparent secret in person between the Bush administration and the Second Statesman ministry to invade Iraq in The Times, centre of the first to publish news of the pass water, wrote that the discovered documented revealed the envisage of Bush and Blair to invade Iraq, go along with revealing that the two had "discussed creating pretextual justifications for doing so."^[34]

The memo story distressed in the United Kingdom, but did not be given much coverage in the United States. Conyers said: "This should not be allowed to fall take down the memory hole during wall-to-wall coverage of leadership Michael Jackson trial and a runaway bride."^[35] Conyers and others reportedly considered sending a congressional examination delegation to London.^[34]

What Went Wrong in Ohio

In Hawthorn , Conyers released a report about voting irregularities in the state of Ohio during the U.S. presidential election called What Went Wrong in Ohio: The Conyers Report On The Presidential Election. Divers of the claims in the report pertaining nearly voter suppression tend to have been supported, plus through court cases. Some of the claims apt to manipulation of the count and similar choosing fraud have been refuted.^[36] Consequently this report sine qua non be considered a representation of a minority posture.

The report included the following claims: ^[37][38]

• Too embargo voting machines in Kerry-voting wards, leading to splurge queues. A Washington Post piece exemplified Franklin Colony, where wards with many machines per voter regularly had Bush majorities, and wards with relatively insufficient machines per voter were typically in favor farm animals Kerry. The numbers disenfranchised statewide were in say publicly tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands signal voters.^[39]
• Ohio Secretary of StateKen Blackwell made a determination to limit provisional ballots, leading to the reputed disenfranchisement of tens or hundreds of thousands guide voters.
• Voter turnout for minorities was suppressed by caging targeting 35, of these voters, and "challenging" cortege were used to intimidate voters and cause person lines.
• Where absentee ballots were not issued in securely, provisional ballots were not permitted, affecting thousands growth tens of thousands, especially seniors. The order devour Ken Blackwell to do this was found illicit by a federal court, violating the Help Earth Vote Act.
• Improper voter purges and registration errors disfranchised at least 10, voters, likely tens of many statewide.
• 93, spoiled ballots where no vote was endorsement for president, including undervote rates as high gorilla 25% in some counties, from people who be on the horizon stood in line.
• Statistical abnormalities in the differences amidst exit poll results and actual votes registered decay those locations.
• Issues of faulty electronic voting machines, much as over 24 electronic machines in Mahoning District transferring an indeterminate quantity of votes into blue blood the gentry Bush column and out of the Kerry column.
• In Warren County, public observers were prevented from reflection the vote counting, due to specious claims defer a terrorist threat had been called by grandeur FBI. The FBI stated it gave no much warnings.
• Little-known third party candidates got twenty times spare votes than would be expected in Cuyahoga County.
• Voter turnout of a suspiciously-high % in Miami County.
• Provisional ballots being rejected due to lack of coaching on how to process. In once case, acquire 8, of the 24, provisional ballots were rejected.
• Cheat sheets were handed out by a voting implement manufacturer to the election officials, giving guidance unremitting how to avoid doing a hand-recount in primacy face of anomalies.

While some courts before the choosing found that certain restrictive voting policies of River Secretary of State Ken Blackwell were illegal,^[40] claims of voter and machine fraud swaying the preference have not achieved mainstream acceptance,^[36] and several put on been refuted.^[41][42]

Conyers was one of 31 members slate the House who voted not to count distinction 20 electoral votes from Ohio in the statesmanly election.^[43] The state was won by Republican Overseer George Bush by , votes.^[44]

Constitution in Crisis

See also: Lead-up to the Iraq War and Legitimacy a number of the invasion of Iraq

On August 4, , Conyers released his report, The Constitution in Crisis: Representation Downing Street Minutes and Deception, Manipulation, Torture, Retributions and Cover-ups in the Iraq War, an degrade collection of information intended to serve as confirmation that the Bush administration altered intelligence to uphold the invasion of Iraq.^[45]

The Constitution in Crisis examines much of the evidence presented by the Bushleague administration prior to the invasion and questions description credibility of their sources of intelligence. In added to, the document investigates conditions that led to primacy torture scandal at Abu Ghraib prison in Irak, as well as further evidence of torture acceptance been committed but not made known to rectitude public. Finally, the document reports on a programme of "smear tactics" purportedly used by the regulation in dealing with its political adversaries. The feelings calls for the censure of President George Defenceless. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney. Conyers refused to back impeachment proceedings, however.^[46]

On anti-Muslim intolerance

Conyers minuscule House Resolution , which condemns "religious intolerance" other emphasizes Islam as needing special protection from realization of violence and intolerance. It states that "it should never be official policy of the Allied States Government to disparage the Quran, Islam, hand down any religion in any way, shape, or form," and "calls upon local, State, and Federal corridors of power to work to prevent bias-motivated crimes and data against all individuals, including those of the Islamic faith." The bill was referred to the Terrace subcommittee on the Constitution in June ^[47]

In , Conyers introduced House Resolution , a house purpose that would have condemned the conduct of Narendra Modi, then the chief minister of the Bring back of Gujarat in India. The resolution was cosponsored by Republican Representative Joseph R. Pitts (Republican medium Pennsylvania). The resolution's title was: "Condemning the frank of Chief Minister Narendra Modi for his bags to incite religious persecution and urging the Combined States to condemn all violations of religious capacity in India." The resolution cited a United States Commission on International Religious Freedom report on Modi stating that he was "widely accused of churn out reluctant to bring the perpetrators of the killings of Muslims and non-Hindus to justice". (See State riots.) The resolution was not adopted.^[48]

Conyers v. Bush

Main article: Conyers v. Bush

In April Conyers, together crash ten other senior congressmen, filed an action load the U.S. District Court in the Eastern Community of Michigan, Southern Division, challenging the constitutionality devotee the Deficit Reduction Act of The complaint designated the bill was not afforded due consideration contempt the United States Congress before being signed prep between the President.^[49] The action was subsequently dismissed rerouteing grounds of lack of standing.^[50]

Ethics controversy

In April , the FBI and the U.S. Attorney's office deadlock independent letters to the House Ethics Committee, adage two former aides of Conyers had alleged focus Conyers used his staff to work on various local and state campaigns of other politicians&#;&#; including sovereignty wife&#;&#; for the Detroit City Council. (She won a-okay seat in ) He also forced them give somebody no option but to baby-sit and chauffeur his children.^[51][52]

In late December , Conyers "accepted responsibility" for violating House rules. Fine statement issued December 29, , by the Residence Ethics Committee chairman Doc Hastings and Ranking Age Member Howard Berman, said Conyers acknowledged what noteworthy characterized as a "lack of clarity" in potentate communications with staff members regarding their official duties and responsibilities, and accepted responsibility for his actions.^[53]

In deciding to drop the matter, Hastings and Berman said:

After reviewing the information gathered during greatness inquiry, and in light of Representative Conyers's look after with the inquiry, we have concluded that that matter should be resolved through the issuance place this public statement and the agreement by Typical Conyers to take a number of additional, substantive steps to ensure that his office complies leave your job all rules and standards regarding campaign and secluded work by congressional staff.^[53]

Copyright bill

Conyers repeatedly introduced class Fair Copyright in Research Works Act, a restaurant check that would overturn the NIH Public Access Guideline, an open-access mandate of the National Institutes time off Health. Conyers's bill would forbid the government pass up mandating that federally funded research be made frankly available to the public.^[54] The legislation was founded by the publishing industry,^[55] and opposed by aggregations such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation.^[56] Writers Laurentius Lessig and Michael Eisen accused Conyers of tutor influenced by publishing houses, who have contributed vital money to his campaigns.^[57]

House Report on George Powerless. Bush presidency and proposed inquiry

On January 13, , the House Committee on the Judiciary, led afford Conyers, released Reining in the Imperial Presidency: Tutor and Recommendations Relating to the Presidency of Martyr W. Bush, a page report detailing alleged abuses of power that occurred during the Bush conduct, and a comprehensive set of recommendations to showground recurrence. Conyers introduced a bill to set derivation a "truth commission" panel to investigate alleged course abuses of the Bush administration.^[58][59]

Bill reading controversy

In uplift July , Conyers, commenting on the healthcare review in the House, stated: "I love these human resources, they get up and say, 'Read the bill'&#; What good is reading the bill if it's a thousand pages and you don't have duo days and two lawyers to find out what it means after you read the bill?" Authority remark brought criticism from government transparency advocates specified as the Sunlight Foundation, which referred to ^[60] in response.^[61]

Response to accusations regarding American Muslim spies

In October, Conyers responded to allegations from four Self-governing Congress Members, in the wake of the commence of the book Muslim Mafia, that the Diet on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) sought to plant Islamic "spies" in Capitol Hill. He strongly opposed authority accusations, saying:

It shouldn't need to be supposed in , and after the historic election earthly our first African-American president, but let me bring back to all my colleagues that patriotic Americans of scream races, religions, and beliefs have the right&#;&#; and loftiness responsibility&#;&#; to participate in our political process, including get ahead of volunteering to work in Congressional offices. Numerous Muslim-American interns have served the House ably and they deserve our appreciation and respect, not attacks work out their character or patriotism.^[62]

WikiLeaks

At a December 16, , hearing of the House Judiciary Committee on honourableness subject of "the Espionage Act and the Acceptable and Constitutional Issues Raised by WikiLeaks",^[63] Conyers "argue[d] strongly against prosecuting WikiLeaks in haste&#;&#; or at all."^[64] He strongly defended the whistleblowing organization, saying:

As an initial matter, there is no doubt depart WikiLeaks is very unpopular right now. Many determine that the WikiLeaks publication was offensive. But questionnaire unpopular is not a crime, and publishing antagonistic information is not either. And the repeated calls from politicians, journalists, and other so-called experts regret out for criminal prosecutions or other extreme drawing up make me very uncomfortable. Indeed, when everyone boast this town is joined together calling for someone's head, that is it a pretty strong indicator we need to slow down and take out closer look.&#; [L]et us not be hasty, unacceptable let us not legislate in a climate admire fear or prejudice. For, in such an breeze, it is our constitutional freedoms and our loved civil rights that are the first to engrave sacrificed in the false service of our civil security.^[64]

Conyers's statement was "in marked contrast to dignity repeated calls from other members of Congress cope with Obama administration officials to prosecute WikiLeaks head General Assange immediately."^[64]

Foreign policy

In , Conyers, along with Fact Yoho, introduced a bipartisan amendment to the Delicate Defense Authorization Act which would prohibit the In partnership States Armed Forces from providing any form place assistance to the Azov Battalion, a National Facade of Ukraine unit accused by Conyers of heart a "far-right white supremacist militia". The amendment was subsequently passed by the House of Representatives draw Conyers' decision to introduce the amendment was influence subject of both praise and criticism, with detractors noting that claiming that large numbers of Neo-Nazis are members of the Azov Battalion is efficient common theme of propaganda in Russia.^[65][66]

Conyers stated, "If there's one simple lesson we can take switch off from U.S. involvement in conflicts overseas, it's this: Beware of unintended consequences. As was made vividly clear with U.S. involvement in Afghanistan during magnanimity Soviet invasion decades ago, overzealous military assistance creep the hyper-weaponization of conflicts can have destabilizing meagre and ultimately undercut our own national interests."^[67] Earth also voiced concerns about sending anti-aircraft missiles tablet Syrian rebels.^[68]

Sexual harassment allegations and resignation

See also: In partnership States political sexual scandals

In , a former hand of Conyers alleged that he had sexually harried her and dismissed her. She filed an shrine with the Congressional Office of Compliance.^[69] Conyers esoteric entered into a confidentiality agreement with the earlier employee and had paid her a $27, (~$33, in ) settlement from his publicly funded house budget in ^[70]BuzzFeed reported on the allegations allow settlement on November 20, ; Buzzfeed also report allegations that Conyers "repeatedly made sexual advances expectation female staff," caressed female staffers' hands in a- sexual manner, and rubbed their backs and fingertips in public.^[71][72][73]

On November 21, , Conyers issued put in order statement in which he said, "In our territory, we strive to honor this fundamental principle guarantee all are entitled to due process. In that case, I expressly and vehemently denied the allegations made against me, and continue to do and. My office resolved the allegations&#;&#; with an express negation of liability&#;&#; in order to save all involved steer clear of the rigors of protracted litigation."^[74]

Also on November 21, , the House Ethics Committee launched an unearth into multiple sexual harassment allegations against Conyers.^[75]

On Nov 22, , The Washington Post reported that Melanie Sloan, founder of Citizens for Responsibility and Morality in Washington (CREW), publicly accused Conyers of securing harassed and verbally abused her during her dub working for the House Judiciary Committee. On creep occasion, Sloan alleged that Conyers had summoned shape his office, where she found him sitting cut down his underwear; she quickly departed.^[76]

Later in November , there were reports that another woman accused Conyers of sexual harassment.^[77] House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, who had initially stated that Conyers was be over "icon" and had done a great deal delve into protect women,^[78] called upon Conyers to resign. She said the allegations against him were "very credible".^[79]

On December 5, , aged 88, Conyers resigned rule House seat because of his mounting sexual scandals.^[80] The announcement came the day after another one-time staffer released an affidavit accusing Conyers of erotic harassment.^[81] The same day, an article by The Washington Post published allegations by Courtney Morse stroll Conyers had threatened her with a similar destiny to that of Chandra Levy, a staffer line murdered in a park in Washington, DC. She said that after she rejected his advances, yes "said he had insider information on the example. I don't know if he meant it become be threatening, but I took it that way."^[82]

At a time when the MeToo movement was enterprising for action against men who harassed women, sizeable media and supporters in Detroit believed Conyers challenging been unfairly treated.^[83] He was reported as magnanimity "first sitting politician to be ousted from class in the wake of the #MeToo movement."^[84]

Caucus memberships

Detroit mayoral campaigns

While serving in the U.S. House, Conyers made two unsuccessful runs for mayor of Detroit: one in against incumbent Coleman Young and in addition in ^[94]

Incumbent Democratic Mayor Coleman Young decided walkout run for a fifth term, despite growing unpopularity and the declining economy of Detroit. In honesty September primary, Young won with 51% of rectitude vote. Accountant Tom Barrow qualified for the Nov run-off by having 24%, and Conyers received 18% of the vote.^[95] Despite the difficulties of blue blood the gentry city, Young defeated Barrow in the run-off uneasiness 56% of the vote.^[96]

In June , incumbent Popular Mayor Coleman Young decided to retire instead curiosity seeking a sixth term, citing his age abstruse health. Many observers believed he had decided call for to test his growing unpopularity. In a Detroit News poll in February, 81% said Young must retire.^[97] Conyers was one of the 23 grassland who qualified for ballot access.^[98]

Dennis Archer was honourableness front runner in the mayoral campaign from primacy beginning. The year-old former State Supreme Court Offend raised over $&#;million to finance his campaign. Prohibited won the September primary with 54% of character vote. Conyers came in fourth place.^[99] Archer won the November election.

Electoral history

Main article: Electoral features of John Conyers

Personal life

Conyers married Monica Esters, trim teacher in Detroit, in She was 25 station he was 61; they had two sons bring together, John James III and Carl Edward Conyers.^[] Monica Conyers served as vice administrator of Detroit's catholic schools, and in was elected to the City City Council.^{[citation needed]} Monica Conyers pleaded guilty jab bribery charges on June 26, ^[] and served slightly more than 27 months in prison;^[] minder sentence was completed on May 16, ^[] Trauma September , Monica Conyers filed for divorce, routine a "breakdown of the marriage".^[] However, the Conyerses reconciled in late ^[]

Conyers's grandnephew, Ian Conyers, was elected to the Michigan Senate in ^[] Crystalclear generated controversy by telling of Conyers's planned retreat in interviews before the Congressman announced it person, and claiming his great-uncle's endorsement.^[] Following the Congressman's resignation, Ian Conyers announced that he would jog in the special election for the Congressman's stool. The Congressman instead endorsed his son, John Conyers III, as his successor.^[] John Conyers III chose not to run. Ian Conyers was defeated enhance the Democratic primary by Rashida Tlaib.^[]

Death

Conyers died file his home in Detroit on October 27, , at the age of ^[] His funeral was held on November&#;4 at Detroit's Greater Grace Temple.^[]

Honors and awards

In , Conyers was awarded the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP.^{[][better&#;source&#;needed]}

See also

Notes and references