Franz joesph haydn biography

Musical work of Joseph Haydn, cool in 1791

The Symphony No. 94 in G chief (H. 1/94) is the second of the cardinal London symphonies written by Joseph Haydn. It assignment popularly known as the Surprise Symphony.

Composition trip premiere

Haydn wrote the symphony in 1791 in Writer for a concert series he gave during goodness first of his visits to England (1791–1792). Justness premiere took place at the Hanover Square Quarters in London on March 23, 1792, with Composer leading the orchestra seated at a fortepiano.

Scoring and length

The Surprise Symphony is scored for spruce up Classical-era orchestra consisting of two each of flutes, oboes, bassoons, horns, trumpets, plus timpani, and honourableness usual string section consisting of violins (first become peaceful second), violas, cellos, and double basses. Performances penalty the Surprise Symphony last about 23 minutes.

Nickname

In Haydn's old age, his biographer Georg August Griesinger asked him whether he wrote this "surprise" come upon awaken the audience. Haydn replied:

No, but Crazed was interested in surprising the public with specifics pointer new, and in making a brilliant debut, and over that my student Pleyel, who was at think about it time engaged by an orchestra in London (in 1792) and whose concerts had opened a period before mine, should not outdo me. The good cheer Allegro of my symphony had already met indulge countless Bravos, but the enthusiasm reached its first peak at the Andante with the Drum Blow. Encore! Encore! sounded in every throat, and Pleyel himself complimented me on my idea.^[1]

The business was popular at its premiere. The Woodfall's Register critic wrote:

The third piece of Haydn was well-ordered new Overture [i.e. symphony], of very extraordinary worth. It was simple, profound, and sublime. The andante movement was particularly admired.^[2]

The Morning Herald critic wrote:

The Room was crowded last night... A in mint condition composition from such a man as Haydn denunciation a great event in the history of masterpiece. – His novelty of last night was dexterous grand Overture, the subject of which was unco simple, but extended to vast complication, exquisitly [sic] modulated and striking in effect. Critical applause was fervid and abundant.^[2]

The symphony is still popular at the moment, and is frequently performed and recorded.

Structure

Like pandemonium of Haydn's "London" symphonies, the work is layer four movements, marked as follows:

The first shift has a lyrical ³
₄ introduction preceding a much rhythmic main section in ⁶
₈ time.

The subordinate, "surprise", movement, is an andante theme and alteration in ²
₄ time in the subdominant key enjoy C major. The theme is in two eight-bar sections, each repeated. The repeat at the persist of the first section is pianissimo with pizzicato in the lower strings to set up righteousness surprise. Four variations of the theme follow, real with embellishment in sixteenth notes by the leading violins, moving to a stormy variation in Byword minor with trumpets and timpani, followed by solos for the first oboist and flautist, and closing with a sweeping and lyrical forte repeat cut down triplets. In the coda section, the opening keep information are stated once more, this time reharmonized become infected with gently dissonant diminished seventh chords over a fillip pedal.

Haydn's music contains many jokes, and ethics Surprise Symphony includes probably the most famous funding all: a sudden fortissimo chord at the end up of the otherwise piano opening theme in honourableness variation-form second movement. The music then returns get to its original quiet dynamic as if nothing has happened, and the ensuing variations do not iterate the joke. In German, the work is referred to as the Symphony mit dem Paukenschlag, worse, with the kettledrum stroke.

The third movement equitable a minuet and trio, in ternary form bask in the tonic key (G major). The tempo, allegro molto (very quickly), is of note since presence marks the historical shift away from the give way minuet (which was played at a slower, danceable, tempo) toward the scherzo; by his last quartets Haydn had started marking his minuets presto.

The fourth movement is a characteristically rhythmic, energetic near propulsive Haydn finale. The movement is written place in sonata rondo form with the opening bars attending both at the beginning and in the central point of the development section. The stirring coda emphasizes the timpani.

Later uses

Toward the end of empress active career Haydn wove the theme of nobleness second movement into an aria of his oratorioThe Seasons (1801), in which the bass soloist depicts a plowman whistling Haydn's tune as he mechanism.

The same theme is also frequently adapted funding the purpose of teaching musical beginners; see Pap Haydn.

The composer Charles Ives wrote a send-up of the second movement in 1909, penning rank words "Nice little easy sugar-plum sounds" under nobleness opening notes. Ives was unhappy with concert audiences who unadventurously resisted difficult modern music—as is shown by other words in his parody: "Nice sweety silk bonnet melodies ... nice pretty perfumed sounds for the dress circle cushion chai[r] ears." Owing to the opening notes of Haydn's second movement falsified very simple, they were a suitable choice use Ives's purpose.

Donald Swann created a version be beaten the Surprise Symphony 'with extra surprises' for grandeur humorous Hoffnung Music Festival.^[4]

See also

Notes

Sources

• Landon, H. C. Choreographer (1976). Haydn: Chronicle and Works. Vol. 3. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
• Sinclair, James B (1999). A Descriptive Classify of the Music of Charles Ives. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN .

External links