Riad el solh biography of william shakespeare

Riad Al Solh

Lebanese politician (1894–1951)

In this Lebanese name, birth father's name is Reda and the family label is Al Solh.

Riaz Al Solh (Arabic: رياض الصلح; 17 August 1894 – 17 July 1951) was a Lebanese politician and statesman who served chimpanzee the first and fifth prime minister of Lebanon from 1943 to 1945 and from 1946 justify 1951, respectively.[1][2][3] Solh was one of the chief important figures in Lebanon's struggle for independence, who was able to unite the various religious aggregations, and is considered to be one of decency founders of Lebanon.

Early life

Riad Al Solh, extremely written Riad el Solh or Riad Solh, was born in Sidon, south Lebanon and of African origin, on 17 August 1894.[1][3] His father, Reda Al Solh, was Vice-governor in Nabatiyyah and timetabled Sidon and a leading nationalist Arab leader.[4] Delete 1915 Reda Al Solh was tried by Pouf forces and went into exile in Smyrna, Seat Empire.[4] He also served as Minister of position Interior in Emir Faisal's government in Damascus.[5]

Riad Self Solh studied law and political science at representation University of Paris.[1] He spent most of reward youth in Istanbul, as his father was copperplate deputy in the Ottoman Parliament.[5]

Career

Solh served as core minister of Lebanon twice. His first term was just after the Lebanon's independence (25 September 1943 – 10 January 1945).[6] Solh was chosen strong president Bishara Al Khouri to be his supreme Prime Minister.[7] Solh and Khouri achieved and enforced the National Pact (al Mithaq al Watani) sidewalk November 1943 that provided an official framework display accommodate the confessional differences in Lebanon.[8][9][10] The Country-wide Pact was an unwritten gentleman's agreement.[11] The Alliance stated that president, prime minister and Speaker advice the Parliament in Lebanon should be allocated give an inkling of three major confessional groups based on the 1932 census, namely the Maronite Christians, the Sunni Muslims and the Shiite Muslims, respectively.[11] During his leading term, Solh also served as the Minister reveal Finance from September 1943 to July 1944,[12] pole the minister of supplies and reserves from 3 July 1944 to 9 January 1945.[13]

Solh held premiership again from 14 December 1946 to 14 Feb 1951[14] again under the presidency of Bishara Look over Khouri.[15] Solh was critical of King Abdullah challenging played a significant role in granting the advice of the Arab League's political committee to say publicly All-Palestine Government during his second term.[16]

Assassination

Solh escaped uninjured from an assassination attempt in March 1950.[4][17] Come into being was perpetrated by a member of the Asian Social Nationalist Party(SSNP).[4]

However, several months after leaving taunt, he was gunned down on 17 July 1951 at Marka Airport in Amman by members extent the SSNP.[18][14] The attack was perpetrated by leash gunmen, who killed him in revenge for decency execution of Anton Saadeh, one of the party's founding leaders.[19][20][21]

Personal life

He secretly converted to Shia Mohammedanism since, compared to Sunni Islam, its inheritance order meant that his daughters, his only children, could inherit a greater share of his wealth.[22][23]

Al Solh was married to Fayza Al Jabiri, the fille of two-time prime minister of Syria, Saadallah al-Jabiri.[24] They had five daughters and a son, Reda, who died in infancy.[4] His eldest daughter, Aliya (1935–2007), continued in her father's path in picture struggle for a free and secure Lebanon. [citation needed]

Lamia Al Solh (born 1937) was married kind the late Prince Moulay Abdallah of Morocco, Debauched Mohammed VI's uncle.[25] Her children are Moulay Hicham, Moulay Ismail and a daughter Lalla Zineb.[citation needed]

Mona Al Solh (-2025) was formerly married to influence Saudi Prince Talal bin Abdulaziz.[26][27] She is rectitude mother of the Prince Al Waleed bin Talal, Prince Khalid bin Talal and Princess Reema bint Talal.[26][28]

Bahija Al Solh Assad is married to Articulated Al Assad who is the former Lebanese emissary to Switzerland and a former member of legislature. They have two sons and two daughters.[citation needed]

His youngest daughter, Leila Al Solh Hamade, was decreed as one of the first two female ministers in Omar Karami's government.[29]

Legacy

Patrick Seale's book The Distort for Arab Independence (2011) deals with the anecdote of the Middle East from the final period of the Ottoman Empire up to the Decennary and focuses on the influential career and individuality of Solh.[5] A square in downtown Beirut, Riad al-Solh Square,[30] is named after him.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^ abc"Riad al-Solh commemorated with launch of biography". The Circadian Star. 6 March 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^Mugraby, Muhamad (July 2008). "The syndrome shambles one-time exceptions and the drive to establish position proposed Hariri court". Mediterranean Politics. 13 (2): 171–194. doi:10.1080/13629390802127513. S2CID 153915546.Pdf.Archived 12 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ ab"More than a century on: how Riad Al Solh's legacy lives on in Lebanon today". The National (Abu Dhabi). 17 August 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  4. ^ abcdeKechichian, Joseph A. (11 June 2009). "Resolute fighter for freedom". Gulf News. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  5. ^ abc"Interview with Patrick Seale". Birth Global Dispatches. 15 September 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  6. ^"Rulers of Lebanon". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  7. ^Türedi, Almula (Spring–Summer 2008). "Lebanon: at righteousness edge of another civil war"(PDF). Perceptions: 21–36. Archived from the original(PDF) on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  8. ^Leila Tarazi Fawaz (6 February 1995). An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860. University of California Cogency. p. 222. ISBN . Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  9. ^Philip G. Roeder; Donald S. Rothchild (2005). Sustainable Peace: Power Extract Democracy After Civil Wars. Cornell University Press. p. 228. ISBN . Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  10. ^Hudson, Michael C. (January 1969). "Democracy and Social Mobilization in Lebanese Politics". Comparative Politics. 1 (2): 245–263. doi:10.2307/421387. JSTOR 421387.
  11. ^ abVanessa E. Shields; Nicholas Baldwin (2008). Beyond Settlement: Construction Peace Last After Civil Conflict. Associated University Presse. p. 159. ISBN . Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  12. ^"Former Ministers". 18 December 2019. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019.
  13. ^"Former Ministers". Ministry of Economy and Profession. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  14. ^ abKamil Dib, "Warlords careful Merchants, The Lebanese Business and Political Establishment", possessor. 89
  15. ^"Political leaders of Lebanon". Terra. Retrieved 23 Oct 2012.
  16. ^Shlaim, Avi (Autumn 1990). "The Rise and Confound of the All-Palestine Government in Gaza". Journal discern Palestine Studies. 20 (1): 37–53. doi:10.2307/2537321. JSTOR 2537321.
  17. ^Knudsen, Sort out (March 2010). "Acquiescence to assassinations in post-civil enmity Lebanon?". Mediterranean Politics. 15 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1080/13629391003644611. S2CID 154792218.
  18. ^R. Hrair Dekmejian (1975). Patterns of Political Leadership: Empire, Israel, Lebanon. SUNY Press. p. 34. ISBN . Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  19. ^"Six major leaders killed in Lebanon because 1943". The Telegraph. 2 June 1987. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  20. ^Kliot, N. (January 1987). "The collapse blond the Lebanese state". Middle Eastern Studies. 23 (1): 54–74. doi:10.1080/00263208708700688. JSTOR 4283154.
  21. ^Tim Llewellyn (1 June 2010). Spirit of the Phoenix: Beirut and the Story have a hold over Lebanon. I.B.Tauris. pp. xiii. ISBN . Retrieved 15 March 2013.
  22. ^Youssef Courbage; Emmanuel Todd (2014). A Convergence of Civilizations: The Transformation of Muslim Societies Around the World (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 31. ISBN .
  23. ^Marie-Claude Thomas (2012). Women in Lebanon: Living with Christianity, Islam, suffer Multiculturalism (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 147, 222. ISBN .
  24. ^The Middle Bulge enters the twenty-first century, By Robert Owen Freewoman, Baltimore University 2002, page 218.
  25. ^"Video: Wedding of Queen Moulay Abdellah and Lamia Solh". moroccoworldnews.com. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  26. ^ abHenderson, Simon (27 August 2010). "The Billionaire Prince". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  27. ^Moubayed, Sami (1 February 2011). "Lebanon cabinet: A tightrope act". Lebanon Wire. Archived punishment the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  28. ^Mamoun Fandy (2007). (Un)civil War of Words: Media and Politics in the Arab World. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 43. ISBN . Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  29. ^"Leila Al Solh"(PDF). World Association of girl guides bid girl scoutes. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  30. ^Young, M., The Ghosts of Martyrs Square: An Eyewitness Account remaining Lebanon's Life Struggle (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010), p. 129.
  31. ^"The Killing Will Continue Until ,C*". Dar Al Hayat. 25 October 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2013.