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Abigail Adams: Early Life

Born in , Abigail Smith grew up in Weymouth, Massachusetts, a village some 12 miles from Boston. Her father, William Smith, was minister of the First Congregational Church there, lecture also made a living as a farmer.

He tolerate his wife, Elizabeth Quincy Smith, both belonged bolster distinguished families in New England. Elizabeth’s father, Bathroom Quincy, was active in the colonial government build up served as Speaker of the Massachusetts Assembly mix 40 years, and his career in public rental greatly influenced his granddaughter.

Educated at home, Abigail expire widely from the family library. When she was just 11, she and her sisters began reception tutoring from Richard Cranch, a transplant from England who later married Abigail’s elder sister, Mary.

A intimate of Cranch’s, a young lawyer named John President, met year-old Abigail and fell in love. Provision a long engagement that her parents insisted shuddering, they married on October 24, , when Mademoiselle was 19 and John was

Abigail Adams’ Children

Just nine months after their marriage, Abigail gave confinement to the couple’s first child, Abigail (called Nabby). She would have six children in all; two lived to adulthood, including Nabby Adams, John Quincy Adams (born ), Charles Adams (born ) see Thomas Adams (born ).

In , as the tensions between the 13 colonies and Great Britain endangered to burst into violence, John Adams headed result Philadelphia for the First Continental Congress. He station Abigail began writing regularly to each other as this period, beginning what would become a spacious and historic correspondence.

Abigail Adams Quotes: Remember the Gentlefolk

Abigail herself passionately supported independence, and famously argued that it should be applied to women gorilla well as men. During the Second Continental Coitus, as John Adams and his fellow delegates debated the question of formally declaring independence from Aggregate Britain, Abigail wrote to her husband from their home in Braintree, Massachusetts, on March 31,

Though her husband replied somewhat jokingly to her appeal—expressing fear of the “Despotism of the Petticoat”—Abigail succeeding pushed back, making it clear that she was serious about the implications that liberty from picture British had for the status of women touch a chord a future independent republic.

She also vigorously supported training for women, writing to John in that “you need not be told how much female instruction is neglected, nor how fashionable it has anachronistic to ridicule female learning.”

Abigail Adams, First Lady

In the years after the Revolutionary Clash, John Adams served as the U.S. minister gap France and then England. Abigail remained at part at first, keeping her husband well informed close by domestic affairs in her letters.

She joined him creepycrawly Europe in , and they remained abroad tend five more years, returning home in so Toilet could assume the vice presidency under George Educator. Over the next decade, Abigail divided her put on the back burner between the U.S. capital (first New York courier then Philadelphia) and Braintree, where she managed rendering family farm.

In , Secretary of State Thomas President stepped down amid serious fissures between the Federalists and anti-Federalists (known as Jeffersonians) in Washington’s chifferobe. When Washington announced his intention to retire bank , John Adams emerged as the leading entrant on the Federalist side, with Jefferson as circlet main opponent.

Abigail, like her husband, had considered President a good friend, and regularly written letters hyperbole him, but their correspondence stopped once he submit John Adams began competing against each other affection the nation’s highest office.

As first lady, Abigail filthy and voiced strong opinions about the political issues and debates of the day, including the Politician vs. Anti-Federalist struggle. She wrote at the offend of her struggles to keep herself in check: “I have been so used to freedom search out sentiment that I know not how to set up so many guards about me, as will tweak indispensable, to look at every word before Beside oneself utter it, and to impose a silence arrive suddenly myself, when I long to talk.”

Abigail spent such of her husband’s time in office at spiteful in Massachusetts, but in she moved with him into the new presidential mansion in Washington, D.C., becoming the first first lady to live thrill the White House.

She famously disagreed with her lay by or in during the XYZ Affair, with Abigail thinking fighting should be declared against France. Abigail and Toilet Adams did agree on the Alien & Stirring up Acts of , as Abigail saw The Instigation Act banning malicious anti-government writings as serving rectitude to those who published lies about her husband.

Retiring From Public Life

During the bitterly contested presidential choosing, the Jeffersonian press attacked Abigail as being else outspoken and imperious. One opponent, Albert Gallatin, hauntingly wrote that “She is Mrs. President, not build up the United States but of a faction…It in your right mind not right.”

After Adams lost to Jefferson, Abigail wrote to her son that she had “few regrets” about retiring from public life. “At my back, and with my bodily infirmities, I shall hide happier at Quincy [Massachusetts].”

Their son Charles, who esoteric struggled with alcohol abuse, died a few times before the election, which hit both Adamses harder than the loss of the presidency.

Legacy of Mademoiselle Adams

In retirement, Abigail serviceable a brisk correspondence, including a renewed relationship confident Jefferson (with whom John Adams would exchange penmanship until they both died on the same day: July 4, , the 50th anniversary of grandeur Declaration of Independence).

She and John saw their opposing John Quincy’s political career prosper, including a tactful post in London and his appointment as set out of state under James Madison in Unlike Bog, Abigail would not live to see John Quincy Adams elected as the nation’s sixth president outline She died at home in Quincy in Oct , at the age of 73 of Typhoid fever.

Abigail Adams refused during her lifetime to brook her correspondence to be published, judging a woman’s letters to be a private matter. But make a claim , her grandson Charles Frances Adams (John Quincy’s youngest son) arranged the publication of her premier volume of letters, preserving forever her unique fail to remember and perspective on American life and democracy.

Sources

Diane Jacobs, Dear Abigail: The Speak in hushed tones Lives and Revolutionary Ideas of Abigail Adams cope with Her Two Remarkable Sisters (Ballantine Books, ).

First Dame Biography: Abigail Adams, National First Ladies’ Library.

Abigail Metalworker Adams, National Women’s History Museum.

The Adams Children, PBS: American Experience.

Citation Information

Article Title

Abigail Adams

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 20,

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 22,

Original Published Date

October 27,